Spatial objects, which vary in location or time, are either picture elements (pixels), points, lines, or areas (sometimes called polygons). Mapmakers (cartographers) give the information its meaning through formal representations that describe distances, direction, size, and relative position. Geospatial information is 2- or 3-dimensional data referenced to the earth and its environment. So what do you know about this thing called geospatial information? The newest navigation and weapon systems require digital geospatial information in increasing amounts, more quickly, and on varying media, for successful mission operations. The common backdrop supporting Department of Defense (DoD) navigation and/or weapon systems and their development is spatially referenced data. In this initiative, understanding issues such as: the nature of the new digital databases, new ways of navigation, geodetic datum differences, and chart accuracy are key to a successful transition.Ĭontinuous positional information & Electronic Charts For the future, however, the Global Positioning System (GPS), in conjunction with chart data in a digital format, will provide the technology necessary for the Navy's move to electronic charting as a primary means of navigation. Today, the United States Navy relies on paper charts for the full range of maritime navigation requirements. Section V - How To Get NIMA Online and Productsĭo You Need GI&S Support For Maritime Navigation? Section III The Navigation Data Base and Electronic ChartingĪ Revolution is about to take place on the Bridge Standard data compared with commercial data Section I - Do You Need GI&S Support For Maritime Navigation? It takes acquired skills to order NIMA products.Ĭircumnavigate with DNC But not into all Ports yet. Same Island can have 2 addresses Just Ask CNN!ĭigital Data is no better than the source data! WGS 84 is the standard DoD position reference system. The Keys to success: datums, reference systems, transformations, accuracies, and NIMA provides GI&S software for display & fusion, but little analytical software. Paper to digital charts, culturally like going from sails to steam! Soon the computer will correct your charts!Ĭoastlines and Political Boundaries and Maritime Boundaries, OH MY! TOD is 20,000 Leagues Underneath the Sea. TM and ® ensures you do not get copycat data.ĭNC does not refer to a National Political Committee. Running Aground Can Ruin your Day Vector can help prevent this! Identifying GI&S requirements early ensures GI&S data in the Fleet.ĭon't keep your Area requirements a secret!ĭigital data structures constrain systems development. Not using standard NIMA data will cost BIG $$.ĭoD says go Commercial! But beware of what data you are buying!ĭevelopmental and operational GI&S requirements are different. Using NIMA data is required but it is also a good idea! GI&S will be DoD's worldwide spatial reference base for interoperability. Global geospatial information promises unprecedented interoperability. GI&S is brought to you by The Oceanographer of the Navy. GI&S is a vital part of the evolving national spatial data infrastructure. The least understood part of navigation systems is GI&S!Ī navigation system w/o GI&S is like a ship without power dead in the water. "Why is GI&S so important to your operations anyway?" Then you can reveal to NIMA the next crisis area that needs mapping which is, of course, where our next conflict will be. If you read the Executive Gouge on the following pages and intuitively grasp the fundamental implications of each nugget of truth.well, you need read no more! Furthermore, you become a Geospatial Information Prophet and can grant audiences to those of dimmer wattage than yourself. We recognize that you are busy, so we included an Executive Gouge that distills the essence of the handbook on two pages. For more details on a particular topic see the Where to find it: box at the end of each section. You don't have to read the whole thing front to back right away, if ever. This handbook is adapted from a previous handbook entitled "NAVAIR MC&G handbook" and can be downloaded at This handbook will: Help you understand GI&S relevance to your operations, guide you in acquiring a necessary basic competence in GI&S, explain the process for you to get NIMA GI&S data and services, and point you to assistance on GI&S within NIMA, and elsewhere. It is meant as an initial reference for information about Geospatial Information and Services (GI&S) as they relate to maritime navigation and support from the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA). The purpose of this handbook is to help with the introduction of digital databases that will support the transition from maritime navigation relying primarily on paper products, to navigation in the digital environment. In the privacy of your own stateroom or berthing area
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